See -ious on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-iōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"-(i)us",
"-us#Latin:_second_declension"
],
[
"*-(i)yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-ios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ios",
"-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-(i)ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"ambitious",
"ambitious#English"
],
[
"-(i)us",
"-us#Latin:_second_declension"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious#English"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"nefarious",
"nefarious#English"
],
[
"-i-",
"-i-#English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ōsus<alt:-iōsus>",
"4": "la:-us<alt:-(i)us><id:second declension>",
"5": "la:-ius<id:suffix forming adjectives>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -iōsusbor.\nLatin -(i)usbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusbor.\nEnglish -ious\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-iōsus\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-(i)us\", \"id\" : \"second declension\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ious\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-i-",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, -i- + -ous",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ōsus<alt:-iōsus>",
"4": "la:-us<alt:-(i)us><id:second declension>",
"5": "la:-ius<id:suffix forming adjectives>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -iōsusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -(i)usbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusbor.\nEnglish -ious",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -iōsusbor.\nLatin -(i)usbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusbor.\nEnglish -ious\nTaken from Latin adjectives ending in -(i)ōsus (ambitious), -(i)us (obvious) and -ius (nefarious), as well as their Romance descendants. By surface analysis, -i- + -ous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ious",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ious",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ous"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms interfixed with -i-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ous",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ous."
],
"id": "en--ious-en-suffix-nXtw6N-y",
"links": [
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ious"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"-iōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"-(i)us",
"-us#Latin:_second_declension"
],
[
"*-(i)yós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yós"
],
[
"*-ios",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ios#Proto-Italic:_adjective_suffix"
],
[
"-ios",
"-ios#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-(i)ōsus",
"-osus#Latin"
],
[
"ambitious",
"ambitious#English"
],
[
"-(i)us",
"-us#Latin:_second_declension"
],
[
"obvious",
"obvious#English"
],
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin:_suffix_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"nefarious",
"nefarious#English"
],
[
"-i-",
"-i-#English"
],
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ōsus<alt:-iōsus>",
"4": "la:-us<alt:-(i)us><id:second declension>",
"5": "la:-ius<id:suffix forming adjectives>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nLatin -iōsusbor.\nLatin -(i)usbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusbor.\nEnglish -ious\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-iōsus\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ōsus\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"alt\" : \"-(i)us\", \"id\" : \"second declension\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-us\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ious\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"-ious\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "-i-",
"3": "-ous"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, -i- + -ous",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "la:-ōsus<alt:-iōsus>",
"4": "la:-us<alt:-(i)us><id:second declension>",
"5": "la:-ius<id:suffix forming adjectives>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃ed-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃édosder.?\nProto-Italic *-ŏ̄dsos?\nOld Latin -ōssus\nLatin -iōsusbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Italic *-os\nArchaic Latin -os\nLatin -(i)usbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusbor.\nEnglish -ious",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nLatin -iōsusbor.\nLatin -(i)usbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-(i)yós\nProto-Italic *-ijos\nProto-Italic *-ios\nOld Latin -ios\nLatin -iusbor.\nEnglish -ious\nTaken from Latin adjectives ending in -(i)ōsus (ambitious), -(i)us (obvious) and -ius (nefarious), as well as their Romance descendants. By surface analysis, -i- + -ous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-ious",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ious",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ous"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjective-forming suffixes",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Archaic Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed- (smell)",
"English terms interfixed with -i-",
"English terms suffixed with -ous",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ous."
],
"links": [
[
"-ous",
"-ous#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ious"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ious meaning in All languages combined (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.